<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.5pt; mso-outline-level: 3; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;"><strong><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Tags</span></strong></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 21.0pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Mittäterschaft; vermeintliche; Münzhändler; Münzhändlerfall; Gesamtlösung; unmittelbares Ansetzen; untauglicher Versuch</span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.5pt; mso-outline-level: 3; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;"><strong><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Problemaufriss</span></strong></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Das unmittelbare Ansetzen ist das Kriterium zur Unterscheidung zwischen i.d.R. strafloser Vorbereitungshandlung und strafbarem Versuch. Nach </span><a href="../../../../taeterschaft/mittaeter/unmittelb-ansetzen/"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">herrschender Auffassung</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> erfolgt die Bestimmung des Zeitpunkts des unmittelbaren Ansetzens bei mehreren Mittätern auf der Basis einer Gesamtbetrachtung (siehe das Problemfeld </span><a href="../../../../taeterschaft/mittaeter/unmittelb-ansetzen/"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">hier</span></em></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">). Problematisch ist allerdings, inwiefern diese Grundsätze auch dann Anwendung finden, wenn jemand sich infolge eines Irrtums fälschlich für den "Mittäter" eines anderen hält.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Beispiel (nach BGHSt 40, 299; "Münzhändler-Fall"):</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> D schlägt A vor, Münzhändler M zu berauben. Dabei gibt D vor, dass M damit einverstanden sei, da er den vermeintlichen Raub für einen Versicherungsbetrug nutzen wolle. A solle dieses Wissen beim Überfall dem M gegenüber aber nicht zu erkennen geben. A begibt sich zum Laden des M, fesselt diesen und nimmt Beute im Wert von ca. 400.000 EUR an sich. In Wirklichkeit wollte M nie seine Versicherung betrügen und sich zu diesem Zweck überfallen lassen. Er meldet den Schaden noch am Tattag seiner Versicherung. Strafbarkeit des A?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">A glaubt, M sei mit seinen Handlungen einverstanden. Hinsichtlich der in Betracht kommenden Delikte nach den §§ </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__249.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">249</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__250.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">250</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> I Nr. 1b, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__239.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">239</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__240.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">240</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__123.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">123</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__223.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">223</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> schließt der Irrtum über das tatsächlich fehlende Einverständnis bzw. die Einwilligung des M (</span><a href="../../../../rw/einwilligung/einverstaendnisunterscheidung/"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Differenzierung streitig</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">) den Vorsatz des A nach </span><a href="../../../../irrtum/rw/etbi/"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">hM</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> nach § </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__16.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">16</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> (analog) aus, sog. Erlaubnistatumstandsirrtum.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Fraglich erscheint jedoch, ob sich der Täter in derartigen Fällen wegen fremdnützigen (untauglichen) versuchten mittäterschaftlichen Betruges nach §§ </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__263.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">263</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> I, II, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__22.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">22</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__23.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">23</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> I, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__25.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">25</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> II strafbar macht. </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.5pt; mso-outline-level: 3; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;"><strong><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Problembehandlung</span></strong></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Ansicht 1: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nach einer Ansicht sollen die Grundsätze der Gesamtlösung auch bei lediglich vermeintlicher Mittäterschaft Anwendung finden, sog. weite Gesamtlösung (BGHSt 40, 299, 302). Danach genügt also auch ein Ansetzen des vermeintlichen Mittäters.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Begründet wird dies insbesondere damit, dass gem. § 22 gerade die subjektive Tatplanperspektive maßgeblich sei; was erlaube, dem Täter, der eine andere Person irrig als Mittäter ansieht, die fremde Versuchshandlung zuzurechnen (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rengier</em> Strafrecht AT, 16. Aufl. 2024, § 36 Rn. 27).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Zum Beispiel:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> A ist nach §§ </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__263.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">263</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> I, II, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__22.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">22</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__23.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">23</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> I, </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__25.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">25</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> II strafbar, denn mit dem Melden des Schadens bei der Versicherung bringt M (vermeintlicher Mittäter) die Tat vom Vorbereitungs- ins Versuchsstadium. Dies kann A gem. § 25 II zugerechnet werden.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Kritik:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> Es ist zwar notwendig, dass der objektive Versuchstatbestand des § 22 von einem der Komplizen erfüllt wird, da man nur zurechnen kann, was ein anderer auch tatsächlich erfüllt. Jedoch darf man sich nach dem Kriterium des § 22 nicht auf das Vorliegen einer Versuchshandlung aus der Außensicht beschränken und die subjektive Vorstellung außer Acht lassen (</span><span class="zit"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; color: #141414; background: white;">BGHSt 39, 236, 238</span></span><span class="zit"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Roboto; color: #141414; background: white;">; </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Rengier Strafrecht AT, 16. Aufl. 2024, § 36 Rn. 27).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Ansicht 2:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> Nach der herrschenden Ansicht kann der mittäterschaftliche Versuch nur angenommen werden, wenn derjenige, der irrtümlich an das Bestehen einer Mittäterschaft glaubt, selbst tatbestandlich handelt; ein Ansetzen des vermeintlichen Mittäters reicht gerade nicht aus, sog. enge Gesamtlösung (<a name="_Hlk199177873"></a>Schönke/Schröder/<em>Eser/Bosch</em> StGB, 30. Aufl. 2019, § 22 Rn. 55a; LK/<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Murmann, </em>13. Aufl. 2021, § 22 Rn. 216; <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kretschmer, </em>JA 2020, 583, 590). Fremdes Handeln (des Schein-Mittäters) zuzurechnen, ist ausgeschlossen, da es an einem <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">gemeinsamen Tatplan</strong> fehlt, der für die mittäterschaftliche Zurechnung erforderlich ist und so nur die <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">schlechte Gesinnung</strong> bestraft werden würde (Schönke/Schröder/<em>Eser/Bosch</em> StGB, § 22 Rn. 55a; <em>Kühl</em> Strafrecht AT, 8. Aufl. 2017, § 20 Rn. 123a).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Zum Beispiel:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> A und M haben keinen gemeinsamen Tatplan, auf dessen Grundlage Beiträge zugerechnet werden können. A selbst hat nicht unmittelbar zur Verwirklichung des </span><a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__263.html"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #4c9ebb; mso-fareast-language: DE;">§ 263</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> angesetzt, denn nur M hat den Schaden der Versicherung gemeldet. Folglich macht sich A nicht nach §§ 263 I, II, 22, 23 I, 25 II strafbar. Er begeht lediglich eine straflos versuchte Beihilfe zum Versuch.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Hinweis:</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 21.0pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Diese Frage stellt sich noch in zwei weiteren Konstellationen:</span></p>
<ol style="margin-top: 0cm;" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Roboto; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE;">Wenn einer von zwei Beteiligten (z.B. ein verdeckter Ermittler) die verabredete Tat nur scheinbar erfüllt (<em>Rengier </em>AT, § 36 Rn. 25).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">Wenn ein ursprünglicher Mittäter sich heimlich von der Verabredung lossagt, seinen Tatbeitrag aber bspw. auf Anraten der Polizei noch erbringt (<em style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 12pt;">Rengier</em><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 12pt;"> AT, § 36 Rn. 25).</span></li>
</ol>